Hemp Therapies Wiki
Cannabinoids & Plant Chemistry
The cannabinoid compounds hemp produces beyond CBD and THC, their shared plant chemistry, and related compounds like terpenes and the endocannabinoid system.
- Cannabinoid Comparison: CBD, THC, CBG, and CBN — How CBD, THC, CBG, and CBN relate to each other chemically, how each interacts with the body's receptors, and why hemp products often list more than one.
- CBC (Cannabichromene) and CBDA — What CBC and CBDA are chemically, how CBC's receptor activity differs from other cannabinoids, and what pharmacokinetic research shows about both compounds.
- CBG (Cannabigerol) — What CBG is, how hemp produces it from CBGA, how its receptor activity differs from CBD and THC, and the current state of research into it.
- CBN (Cannabinol) — How CBN forms as THC degrades over time, how its receptor activity compares to THC, and what current animal and human research shows about CBN and sleep.
- The Endocannabinoid System — What the endocannabinoid system is, how its CB1 and CB2 receptors are distributed in the body, and how cannabinoids like CBD interact with it.
- Terpenes and the Entourage Effect — What terpenes are botanically, the common terpenes found in cannabis and hemp, and the current, largely inconclusive state of entourage-effect research.
- THCA, Delta-8, and Delta-9 THC — What THCA, Delta-8, and Delta-9 THC are chemically, the federal reclassification timeline affecting them, and their drug-testing implications.
CBD Oil & Products
CBD oil composition, extraction, spectrum types, dosage, product formats, and how to read a label.
- How CBD Oil Is Extracted — The extraction methods used to turn raw hemp into CBD oil, from CO2 and ethanol extraction to the chromatography and distillation steps that follow.
- CBD Oil for Pets — How CBD dosing and formulation differ for dogs compared with humans, and the current regulatory status of CBD products for animals.
- CBD Oil Basics — The basic chemistry of CBD oil: how CBD differs from THC, how it is made, and what a 2016 study found when comparing the two compounds directly.
- CBD Oil Dosage and Measurement — How CBD dosage is measured in drops and milliliters, common bottle strengths on the market, and the regulatory guidance that exists on daily intake.
- CBD Product Formats — How CBD gummies, topicals, vapes, and capsules differ in absorption, bioavailability, and formulation, including the EVALI vaping-safety history.
- Certificates of Analysis and Third-Party Lab Testing — What a Certificate of Analysis (COA) is, what it should show, and why third-party lab testing matters given the FDA has not regulated CBD products.
- CBD Oil: Reported Uses and Regulatory Status — The one FDA-approved use of CBD, and how self-directed consumer use of CBD oil differs from that approved medical use under current regulation.
- CBD Oil Side Effects and Drug Interactions — The liver-enzyme pathway CBD shares with many medications, commonly reported mild side effects, and who should check with a doctor before use.
- Full-Spectrum, Broad-Spectrum, and CBD Isolate — The chemical difference between full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, and isolate CBD products, and why the terms aren't uniformly regulated across brands.
- Hemp Extract: Terminology and Labeling — What "hemp extract" means as a label term, how it differs from hemp seed oil, and the FDA's current regulatory posture on each.
- How to Evaluate a CBD Oil Product — What label transparency, extraction method disclosure, and third-party lab testing indicate about a CBD oil product, and common label red flags.
- How CBD Oil Is Taken — The sublingual, ingestible, and topical routes for taking CBD oil, and how each route affects how quickly and how much CBD reaches the bloodstream.
- Water-Soluble and Nano-Emulsified CBD — How nanoemulsion technology changes CBD's absorption compared with standard oil-based CBD, and how the term differs from liposomal encapsulation.
- What Is CBD Oil — What CBD oil is, how it is composed, the product formats it comes in, and how label strength and color vary across commercial products.
Legal & Regulatory
The federal and state legal status of CBD and hemp products, and how cannabinoids interact with drug testing.
- CBD and Drug Testing — Why CBD itself isn't the target of a drug test, how trace THC in full-spectrum products can accumulate, and how confirmatory testing methods work.
- CBD Oil Legal Status — The federal legal status of hemp-derived CBD under the 2018 Farm Bill, and why state-level rules can still restrict products that are federally legal.
- State-by-State CBD Legality — How to read state hemp law, Utah's specific rules as one example, and the federal reclassification taking effect in November and December 2026.
- Hemp Seed Oil: THC Content and Legal Status — Why hemp seed oil carries only trace cannabinoid content, its GRAS status with the FDA, and how state cultivation and processing rules apply to it.
Hemp Oil & Hemp Seed Oil
Hemp seed oil composition, production, nutrition, and its many uses, distinct from cannabinoid-rich CBD oil.
- Hemp Cultivation and History — How hemp grown for oil is cultivated and sourced, and hemp's long agricultural history, from ancient cultivation to its 20th-century US prohibition.
- Hemp Oil Buying Guide: Quality, Storage, and Labels — What certifications, processing terms, and label elements to check when evaluating hemp seed oil, and how to store it to preserve quality.
- Culinary Uses of Hemp Oil — How hemp seed oil is used in cooking, why its low smoke point limits it to cold applications, and what other hemp-derived foods exist.
- Industrial Uses of Hemp Oil — How hemp seed oil is used industrially, from paints and varnishes to biodiesel, and what byproducts pressing the seed for oil leaves behind.
- Hemp Oil Nutritional Profile — The calorie, fat, protein, fatty-acid, and vitamin content of hemp seed oil, including its reported omega-6 to omega-3 ratio.
- How Hemp Oil Is Made — The cold-press process used to make hemp seed oil, the refining steps that follow, and how refined and unrefined hemp oil differ physically.
- Hemp Oil in the Research Literature — Subjects connected to hemp oil in published research, presented as study topics rather than documented outcomes or efficacy findings.
- Hemp Oil in Skincare and Hair Care — How hemp seed oil is used as an ingredient in cosmetic and hair-care formulations, from lotions and lip balm to shampoo and conditioner.
- Hemp Oil Side Effects and Precautions — The potential skin and digestive effects associated with hemp oil, and general guidance on introducing it gradually and checking with a doctor.
- Hemp Oil vs. CBD Oil vs. Hemp Seed Oil — The difference between hemp seed oil and CBD oil: what part of the plant each comes from, how each is processed, and why labels can blur the two.
- What Is Hemp Seed Oil — What hemp seed oil is, how it's obtained from the hemp plant, and how it differs from THC-bred marijuana varieties of the same species.
- Hemp vs. Marijuana — The botanical and chemical distinction between hemp and marijuana, both varieties of Cannabis sativa, and how their THC content differs.
Liposomal Delivery Systems
How liposomal encapsulation works, its history and manufacturing, and its use for NAD+, vitamin C, and glutathione.
- Liposomal Product Appearance and Physical Properties — What liposomal liquid supplements typically look like, how flavoring is used, and why appearance can change if a product degrades over time.
- What Is a Liposome — What a liposome is structurally, how it forms spontaneously from phospholipid molecules, and what liposomal delivery means for an active ingredient.
- Liposomal Documentation and Formulation Records — What quality documentation a liposomal formulation typically includes, and why two products sharing a "liposomal [ingredient]" label aren't necessarily equivalent.
- Liposomal Composition and Ingredients — The phospholipid, cholesterol, and excipient ingredients used to build a liposome, and why sunflower lecithin is used as a soy-free alternative.
- Liposomal Dosage and Serving Conventions — How liposomal liquid, packet, and capsule products are typically dosed, and the usage instructions commonly printed on liposomal supplement labels.
- Liposomal Glutathione — Why plain oral glutathione absorbs poorly, what research reports about liposomal glutathione's uptake by comparison, and published pilot-study dose ranges.
- History and Origin of Liposomal Technology — How liposomes were first discovered in 1965 by Alec Bangham, and how the technology moved from a lab research tool into commercial drug delivery.
- How Liposomes Are Manufactured — The main production methods used to manufacture liposomes, from thin-film hydration to microfluidics, and how active ingredients get loaded into them.
- Liposomal Delivery: Industry and Publication Context — The publications, contract manufacturers, and supplement brands commonly referenced in liposomal delivery-system coverage and product sourcing.
- Liposomal NAD+ — NAD+'s role in cellular metabolism, the molecular barrier to oral absorption, and the current evidence gap around liposomal NAD+ supplements.
- Liposomal Product Formats and Other Ingredients — The packaging formats liposomal supplements come in, and the range of nutrients and pharmaceutical actives that have been formulated as liposomes.
- Liposomal Stability and Storage — The two main ways liposomes degrade over time, how storage temperature and pH affect degradation rate, and typical shelf-life ranges by format.
- Liposomal Technology in Approved Pharmaceuticals — The FDA-approved liposomal drugs, from Doxil to Exparel, and how mRNA vaccines use a related but structurally distinct lipid nanoparticle format.
- Liposomal Quality Testing and Measurement — The lab techniques used to measure a liposome's particle size, charge, encapsulation efficiency, and bilayer count, and common industry testing practices.
- Liposome Structure and Types — The different structural types of liposomes -- unilamellar, multilamellar, and multivesicular -- and how bilayer count affects encapsulation.
- Liposomal Vitamin C — What clinical research reports about liposomal vitamin C's plasma and leukocyte absorption compared with standard ascorbic acid, and open research gaps.
- Liposomes vs. Micelles vs. Nanoemulsions — How liposomes structurally differ from micelles, nanoemulsions, and lipid nanoparticles -- and what each structural difference means for what they carry.